Nitrofurans
Nitrofurans (AOZ, AMOZ, AHD) are synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics, which are frequently used in animal production due to their excellent antibacterial and pharmacokinetic properties. They have also been used as growth promoters during the production of shrimp, poultry and pigs.
Long term animal experiments have shown that the parent compounds and their metabolites have carcinogenic and mutagenic characteristics. This led to the prohibition of nitrofurans for the treatment of animals used for food production. In 1993, the EU banned the nitrofurans furaltadone, nitrofurantoin and nitrofurazone for use in animals used as sources of food, and in 1995 the use of furazolidone was also prohibited. The analysis of nitrofurans is based on the detection of the tissue bound metabolites of nitrofurans. The parent compounds are difficult to detect accurately since they are metabolized very rapidly after treatment. The tissue bound nitrofuran metabolites however are present for a long time after administration and they are used to detect nitrofuran abuse.
There are different types of nitrofurans:
- Nitrofurantoin: 1-Aminohydantoin (AHD)
- Furaltadone: 3-Amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone (AMOZ)
- Furazolidone: 3-Amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ)
- Nitrofurazone: Semicarbazide (SEM)
Prior to analysis, the metabolites have to be derivatized by incubation with 2-Nitrobenzaldehyde into NP-AHD, NP-AMOZ, NP-AOZ and NP-SEM.
RIDASCREEN® Nitrofuran (AOZ)
Intended use:
RIDASCREEN® Nitrofuran (AOZ) is a competitive enzyme immunoassay for the quantitative analysis of AOZ in shrimp, meat (chicken, pork, beef), liver (beef and pork), fish, whole egg and milk.
General information:
Nitrofurans are synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics, which are frequently used in animal production due to their excellent antibacterial and pharmacokinetic properties. They have also been used as growth promoters during the production of shrimp, poultry and pigs. Long term animal experiments have shown that the parent compounds and their metabolites have carcinogenic and mutagenic characteristics. This led to the prohibition of nitrofurans for the treatment of animals used for food production. In 1993, the EU banned the nitrofurans furaltadone, nitrofurantoin and nitrofurazone for use in animals used as sources of food, and in 1995 the use of furazolidone was also prohibited. The analysis of nitrofurans are based on the detection of the tissue bound metabolites of nitrofurans. The parent compounds are difficult to detect accurately since they are metabolized very rapidly after treatment. The tissue bound nitrofuran metabolites however are present for a long time after administration and they are used to detect nitrofuran abuse.
Prior to analysis, the metabolites have to be derivatized by incubation with 2-Nitrobenzaldehyde into NP-AHD, NP-AMOZ, NP-AOZ and NP-SEM.
Accessories:
- RIDA® Nitrofuran (AOZ) Spiking Solution
| Art. No. | R3703 |
|---|---|
| Test Format | Microtiter plate with 96 wells (12 strips with 8 removable wells each) |
| Standard Range | 0 ppt (zero standard), 25 ppt, 50 ppt, 100 ppt, 200 ppt, 400 ppt |
| Sample Preparation | Homogenization, derivatisation, extraction, centrifugation, evaporation and degreasing
Variant I (short): Variant II (long): |
| Incubation Time | 1 h 15 min |
| Detection Limit | Srimps, fish, milch: approx. 50 ppt Meat, liver, whole egg: approx.. 100 ppt (corresponding to the standard substance) |
| Cross Reactivity | AMOZ: < 0,01 % AHD: < 0,01 % SEM: < 0,01 % |
RIDA® Nitrofuran (AOZ) Spiking Solution
Intended use:
RIDA® Nitrofuran (AOZ) Spiking Solution can be used for the production of positive control samples suitable for the validation (e.g. determination of the recovery rate) of the RIDASCREEN® Nitrofuran (AOZ) test, R3703.
| Art. No. | R3798 |
|---|---|
| Test format | Concentration: 20 ng/ml Volume: 1 ml AOZ in methanol |
RIDASCREEN® Nitrofuran (AMOZ)
Intended use:
RIDASCREEN® Nitrofuran (AMOZ) is a competitive enzyme immunoassay for the quantitative analysis of AMOZ in shrimps, meat (chicken, pork, beef), liver (beef and pork), fish and whole egg.
General information:
Nitrofurans are synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics, which are frequently used in animal production due to their excellent antibacterial and pharmacokinetic properties. They have also been used as growth promoters during the production of shrimps, poultry and pigs. Long term animal experiments have shown that the parent compounds and their metabolites have carcinogenic and mutagenic characteristics. This led to the prohibition of nitrofurans for the treatment of animals used for food production. In 1993, the EU banned the nitrofurans furaltadone, nitrofurantoin and nitrofurazone for use in animals used as sources of food, and in 1995 the use of furazolidone was also prohibited. The analysis of nitrofurans are based on the detection of the tissue bound metabolites of nitrofurans. The parent compounds are difficult to detect accurately since they are metabolized very rapidly after treatment. The tissue bound nitrofuran metabolites however are present for a long time after administration and they are used to detect nitrofuran abuse.
Parent compound / Metabolite / Abbreviation
Nitrofurantoin / 1-Aminohydantoin / AHD
Furaltadone / 3-Amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone / AMOZ
Furazolidone / 3-Amino-2-oxazolidinone / AOZ
Nitrofurazone / Semicarbazide / SEM
Prior to analysis, the metabolites have to be derivatized by incubation with 2-Nitrobenzaldehyde into NP-AHD, NP-AMOZ, NP-AOZ and NP-SEM.
Accessories:
- RIDA® Nitrofuran (AMOZ) Spiking Solution
| Art. No. | R3711 |
|---|---|
| Test Format | Microtiter plate with 96 wells (12 strips with 8 removable wells each) |
| Standard Range | 0 ppt (zero standard), 100 ppt, 300 ppt, 900 ppt, 2700 ppt, 8100 ppt |
| Sample Preparation | homogenization, derivatisation, extraction, centrifugation, evaporation and degreasing
Further Application Notes (for example for shrimp to analyze the same sample extract in all 4 RIDASCREEN® Nitrofuran ELISA tests) are available on request. |
| Incubation Time | 1 h 15 min |
| Detection Limit | Shrimp, meat, liver, fish, whole egg: approx. 200 ng/kg (ppt) (corresponding to the standard substance) |
| Cross Reactivity | NP-AMOZ: 100 % AOZ, AHD, SEM: < 0,05 % |
RIDA® Nitrofuran (AMOZ) Spiking Solution
Intended use:
RIDA® Nitrofuran (AMOZ) Spiking Solution can be used for the production of positive control samples suitable for the validation (e.g. determination of the recovery rate) of the RIDASCREEN® Nitrofuran (AMOZ) test, R3711.
| Art. No. | R3799 |
|---|---|
| Test format | Concentration: 20 ng/ml Volume: 1 ml AMOZ in methanol |
RIDASCREEN® Nitrofuran (AHD)
Intended use:
RIDASCREEN® Nitrofuran (AHD) is a competitive enzyme immunoassay for the quantitative analysis of the nitrofurantoin metabolite AHD in shrimp and fish.
General information:
Nitrofurans are synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics, which are frequently used in animal production due to their excellent antibacterial and pharmacokinetic properties. They have also been used as growth promoters during the production of shrimp, poultry and pigs. Long term animal experiments have shown that the parent compounds and their metabolites have carcinogenic and mutagenic characteristics. This led to the prohibition of nitrofurans for the treatment of animals used for food production. In 1993, the EU banned the nitrofurans furaltadone, nitrofurantoin and nitrofurazone for use in animals used as sources of food, and in 1995 the use of furazolidone was also prohibited.
The analysis of nitrofurans is based on the detection of the tissue bound metabolites of nitrofurans. The parent compounds are difficult to detect accurately since they are metabolized very rapidly after treatment. The tissue bound nitrofuran metabolites however are present for a long time after administration and they are used to detect nitrofuran abuse. Prior to analysis, the metabolites have to be derivatized by incubation with 2-Nitrobenzaldehyde (2NBA) into Nitrophenyl-(NP) AHD, NP-AMOZ, NP-AOZ and NP-SEM.
parent compound / metabolite (abbreviation) / after derivatizaton
Nitrofurantoin / 1-Aminohydantoin (AHD) / NP-AHD
Furaltadone / 3-Amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone (AMOZ) / NP-AMOZ
Furazolidone / 3-Amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ) / NP-AOZ
Nitrofurazone / Semicarbazide (SEM) / NP-SEM
Accessories:
- RIDA® Nitrofuran AHD Spiking Solution
| Art. No. | R3713 |
|---|---|
| Test format | Microtiter plate with 96 wells (12 strips with 8 removable wells each) |
| Sample preparation | homogenization, derivatization, extraction, centrifugation, evaporation and defatting
A detailed Application Note, describing an uniform sample preparation for shrimp and fish with the ability to analyze the same sample extract in all 4 RIDASCREEN® Nitrofuran ELISA tests, is available on request. |
| Incubation time | 1 h 15 min |
| Detection limit | Shrimp: approx. 200 ng/kg (ppt) Fish: approx. 76 ng/kg (ppt)(corresponding to the standard substance) |
| Cross reactivity | Nitrophenyl- (NP) AHD: 100 % NP-AMOZ, NP-AOZ, NP-SEM: < 1 % Nitrofurantoine : approx. 32 % Furaltadone, Furazolidone, Nitrofurazone: < 2 % AHD, AMOZ, AOZ, SEM: < 1 % |
RIDA® Nitrofuran AHD Spiking Solution
Intended use:
RIDA® Nitrofuran AHD Spiking Solution can be used for the production of positive control samples suitable for the validation (e.g. determination of the recovery rate) of the RIDASCREEN® Nitrofuran AHD test (R3713).
| Art. No. | R3796 |
|---|---|
| Test format | Concentration: 20 ng/ml Volume: 1 ml AHD in methanol |
RIDASCREEN® Nitrofuran (SEM)
Intended use:
RIDASCREEN® Nitrofuran (SEM) is a competitive enzyme immunoassay for the quantitative analysis of SEM in shrimp, meat (chicken, pork, beef) and fish.
General information:
Nitrofurans are synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics, which are frequently used in animal production due to their excellent antibacterial and pharmacokinetic properties. They have also been used as growth promoters during the production of shrimp, poultry and pigs. Long term animal experiments have shown that the parent compounds and their metabolites have carcinogenic and mutagenic characteristics. This led to the prohibition of nitrofurans for the treatment of animals used for food production. In 1993, the EU banned the nitrofurans furaltadone, nitrofurantoin and nitrofurazone for use in animals used as sources of food, and in 1995 the use of furazolidone was also prohibited.
The analysis of nitrofurans are based on the detection of the tissue bound metabolites of nitrofurans. The parent compounds are difficult to detect accurately since they are metabolized very rapidly after treatment. The tissue bound nitrofuran metabolites however are present for a long time after administration and they are used to detect nitrofuran abuse. Prior to analysis, the metabolites have to be derivatized by incubation with 2-Nitrobenzaldehyde (2NBA) into Nitrophenyl-(NP) AHD, NP-AMOZ, NP-AOZ and NP-SEM.
parent compound / metabolite / after derivatization
Nitrofurantoin / 1-Aminohydantoin – AHD /NP-AHD
Furaltadon / 3-Amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinon – AMOZ / NP-AMOZ
Furazolidon / 3-Amino-2-oxazolidinon – AOZ /NP-AOZ
Nitrofurazon / Semicarbazide – SEM / NP-SEM
Accessories:
- RIDA® Nitrofuran SEM Spiking Solution
| Art. No. | R3715 |
|---|---|
| Test format | Microtiter plate with 96 wells (12 strips with 8 removable wells each) |
| Sample preparation | homogenization, derivatization, extraction, centrifugation, evaporation and defatting
Detailed Application Notes for fish and shrimp, describing each an uniform sample preparation with the ability to analyze the same sample extract in all 4 RIDASCREEN® Nitrofuran ELISA tests, are available on request. |
| Incubation time | 1 h 15 min |
| Detection limit | Shrimp: approx. 300 ng/kg (ppt) Meat (beef, pork): approx. 300 ng/kg (ppt) Fish: approx. 360 ng/kg (ppt) Meat (chicken): approx. 400 ng/kg (ppt)(corresponding to the standard substance) |
| Cross reactivity | Nitrophenyl- (NP) SEM (standard substance): 100 % AMOZ, AOZ, AHD: < 0.01 % Nitrofurazon: approx. 7 % Furaltadon, Furazolidon: < 0.01 % |
RIDA® Nitrofuran SEM Spiking Solution
Intended use:
RIDA® Nitrofuran SEM Spiking Solution can be used for the production of positive control samples suitable for the validation (e.g. determination of the recovery rate) of the RIDASCREEN® Nitrofuran SEM test (R3715).
| Art. No. | R3797 |
|---|---|
| Test format | Concentration: 20 ng/ml Volume: 1 ml SEM in methanol |